Seed germination process

Germination is the process where growth begins from a resting stage. Flower seeds, which are mature ovules of plants, contain an embryo and stored food. Seeds are able to resume growth, or germinate, when the embryonic tissue is allowed to continue growing. When this happens, a radicle (the root) emerges from the seed. This period can also be called "establishment," and indicates that germination is complete because the seedling is no longer relying on its food reserves.

As growers of flowers, it is our job to encourage this emergence to take place.

The right conditions

In order for germination to occur, there are a number of things that must take place:

• Healthy seeds. Having a fresh supply of seeds is the best way to begin. While old seeds may still germinate, the chance is small unless they have been properly stored. Make sure that the seeds you are going to sow are not hollow, as a hollow seed is often synonymous with "bad."

• Soil. Providing the right soil, one that is rich in nutrients, is of the utmost importance. Choose a soil that is light and sterilized. Many nurseries and home improvement stores carry seed-starting soil.

• Planting depth. One common mistake that leads to seeds not germinating is planting too deep. When this happens, flower seeds will not have enough stored energy to reach the soil surface.

• Moisture. In order for seeds to germinate they should be given a moist environment. Providing a soggy environment can cause the seed to rot, because it needs oxygen. Providing too dry an area means the soil is not receiving the necessary water it needs. Finding a balance can be a bit difficult at first, but practice makes perfect!

• Light (or lack thereof). Many seeds germinate best in dark conditions, although some need light. You can usually find light requirements on the back of seed packages. Alyssum, for example, needs light to germinate, while corn flower and pansies require darkness.

• Warmth. Don't underestimate the power of a little heat! Although seed germination temperatures vary by type of flower, many are between 70 and 85 degrees. If you starting seeds indoors, try using a grow light, heat mat, or placing on an oven or on a sunny windowsill.

• Patience! There is only so much a flower gardener can do! Once you have planted your seeds, you'll have to wait anywhere from a few days to several weeks for them to germinate. The back of a seed packet should indicate how long the process should take. For seeds with a longer germination time, try planting in smaller groups over a couple of weeks. That way, if seeds don't germinate, you won't have to wait a long period of time before starting again.

Word to the wise

Be aware that some seed coats are extremely hard, which means that water and oxygen cannot get through until the coat breaks down. Seeds such as these can be soaked or scratched to aide the process. An example of such a seed is morning glory.

Another one bites the dust

Even under the most ideal conditions, many flower seeds fail to germinate. There are a number of reasons for this, which include improper storage, age, disease, over watering, and poor soil conditions. But take heart; the reason so many flowers produce such a large amount of seeds is to ensure the species' survival. You can always try again next year!