How to build a water garden

Following these simple steps will result in a lovely water garden in no time at all.

First, consider what type of water garden you would like. Are you more interested in plants or fish? Perhaps you would like a waterfall. Or maybe you plan to enjoy your pond at night under soft illumination. All of these factors can contribute to the dimensions and shape of the pool. Making a sketch can help you decide what you'd like your water garden to look like.

Then, you'll need to select a proper location. Select an area that is close to home (ideally, it should be seen from your home), away from runoff and trees, receives full sun a large portion of the day, and is without a short distance of electrical outlets. Once you have selected the right location, you can decide on the size and exact dimensions. The biggest mistake that many people make is building a water garden that is too small. Plan accordingly.

Next, you'll prepare the location. This is probably the most difficult and time consuming step. First, outline the pond shape with a heavy rope, using stakes to avoid movement. If you are using a prefabricated pool, place it on the ground and allow an extra 2 inches in all areas. You can also spray paint around the area.

It's time to dig. Dig out the area inside the rope or spray paint, adding several inches to the depth to allow for sand. Allow for a shelf area for bog plants 9-12 inches along the perimeter. The deepest point of the pond should be no less than 2 feet. Clear out all rocks, smoothing the soil. Make sure you have dug evenly by placing a 2 x 4 board over the area in several locations and using a carpenter level. If soil is particularly rocky, you can line the excavation with a few inches of damp soil.

Put any pond filters or skimmers in place. Skimmers are usually buried beside the pond. A ditch should connect the external pond pump to the filter or skimmer. If you choose to use a submersible pump in the pond skimmer, then the ditch will connect the skimmer to the external pond filter.

Then, put the liner or prefabricated pool in place. Taking care not to puncture the liner in any place, drop it into the hole. Spread it out carefully, pushing outwards to the edges. It can be anchored in corners with bricks or stones. Smooth out any folds or wrinkles. If using a prefabricated shell, please keep in mind that it may have to be lowered into the hole several times before it is even at the edges.

Fill the pond with water. Watch your pool carefully during this step to make sure there are no leaks. Shut the water off when it is level with the liner on all sides. You can add dechlorinator to remove any chlorine.

At this time, remove any surplus liner, but make sure to leave at least 6 inches around the edge. Cover the edge of your water garden with stones, bricks or other sturdy materials.

Next, add aquatic plants to your water garden. Plants should be added as soon as possible after your pond is filled with water. Ancharis is the most important plant to establish at the beginning, because it eats the nutrients that otherwise feed algae.

Finally, add fish and other wildlife. Goldfish and Koi should be added somewhat slowly over several weeks. Add only a few at a time to allow time for the bacteria levels to become established in your water garden.